Answers
What is the study of heredity called?
- Hereditology
- Anthropology
- Genetics
- Biology
ANS: Genetics.
Genetics is the scientific study of genes and heredity of how certain traits or characteristics are passed from parents to children.
What are genes?
- A double helix
- Histones
- A code of DNA
- The study of Genetics
ANS: A code of DNA.
Genes are made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged one after another at specific locations on chromosomes.
Full form of DNA:
- Dominant Nuclear Acid
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Dual Nitrogen Acid
- Denominator of Numerous Alleles
ANS: Deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA full form is deoxyribonucleic acid, and it is the hereditary material in humans.
What are alleles?
- Not a part of genetics
- The color of the eyes
- The shape of the nose
- Alternate forms of genes
ANS: Alternate forms of genes.
Alleles are two forms of genes, one from the biological mother and one from biological father.
Which term means “same alleles?”
- Heterozygous
- Hybrid
- Homozygous
- There is no such term
ANS: Homozygous.
Homozygous is the presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene position.
Genotype is:
- Physical appearance
- Mendelian traits
- Complete set of genetic material
- None of the above
ANS: Complete set of genetic material.
The term “genotype” refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, it describes an organism’s complete set of genes.
A phenotype is:
- Physical appearance
- Genetic makeup
- Two alleles
- None of the above
ANS: Physical appearance.
Phenotype refers to an individual’s observable characteristics, such as height, eye color and blood type.
What is a change in a gene called?
- Genetics
- A mutation
- A gene
- A pedigree
ANS: A mutation.
Mutations are any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division or caused due to exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment.
Number of chromosomes in humans
- 23
- 46
- 15
- 6
ANS: 46.
In humans, each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes and that makes it a total of 46 chromosomes.
Who is the Father of Genetics?
- Ian Wilmot
- Oswald Avery
- Marie Curie
- Gregor Johann Mendel
ANS: Gregor Johann Mendel.
Gregor Johann Mendel is the father of genetics. He worked on pea plants and discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
Which chromosome is larger, X or Y?
- X
- Y
- They are the same size.
- I don’t know
ANS: X.
The X chromosome is five times larger than the Y chromosome and has 10 times the number of genes. Therefore, X chromosome carries more traits than the Y chromosome.
DNA “packaged” in?
- In chromosomes
- In genomes
- In nucleotides
- It floats on its own.
ANS: Chromosomes.
In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA is packaged into thread-like structures known as chromosomes.
What is shaped like a double helix (twisted ladder)?
- Nucleotides
- Genes
- Chromosomes
- DNA molecules
ANS: DNA molecules.
Double helix is a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA. A DNA molecule is made up of two linked strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder.
What is heredity?
- The passing of genes from one’s parents to children
- The study of genes
- Genetics
- Plants scattering pollen
ANS: The passing of genes from one’s parents to children.
Heredity, also called inheritance, is the passing on of genes from parents to their children.
Homozygous dominants are represented with:
- Capital letter
- Roman numeral
- Hair color
- Lower case letter
ANS: Capital letter.
A homozygous genotype is where both the alleles are the same, and an organism having a homozygous genotype is true-breeding or pure bred. Dominant alleles are represented with capital letters.
Loss of a chromosome segment is known as
- Inversion
- Deletion
- Polyploidy
- Duplication
ANS: Deletion.
Deletions can occur when a chromosome breaks, and genetic material is lost or ‘deleted’. Deletions can either be large or small and can occur anywhere along a chromosome.
